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 Mapping - GIS, GPS, and Map Making
Most humanitarian information has a geographic component, and maps are a very effective means of communicating a large amount of information in a simple form. While GIS mapping can be extremely useful and is an effective presentation tool, it is also resource and time intensive. For many types of data, and particularly at the onset of an emergency when base data is often incomplete and/or changing rapidly, quick and simple maps are both practical and effective.

Making an excellent map is not enough – the map needs to get into the hands of those who can use the information. Dissemination methods can include printing or photocopying maps, distributing them at meetings, through agency mailboxes (where available), on demand at the OCHA/HIC office, on the web page – be creative!

 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) form a key component of the core products of an HIC or IMU.  The power of GIS is as a dynamic analytical tool that makes it possible to combine data from different sources, conduct analysis, and present information in a way that is easily comprehensible to people with a non-technical, non-statistical background.  There are however limitations regarding the use of GIS. Where geographic data is unavailable or poor, there may need to be an investment by a number of organizations to collect baseline geographic data (village location, roads, etc).
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 Alternative Mapping Techniques
Maps are a vital tool for communicating large amounts of data in a simple form and are a core product of all HICs and IMUs.  However all maps do not need to be made in a Geographic Information System (GIS).  Sometimes a simple map is more appropriate to the need and can be updated by non-GIS professionals. Here is an example from Haiti.
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 Map Making
Map making or cartography is both a science and an art and it is important to understand that the way data is selected, processed, analyzed and presented can heavily influence the impression which the final output makes on somebody who looks at it.  GIS technicians must understand the potential affect that the maps they produce could have on decision making.  Careful checking of data, disclaimers, and sourcing of data is vital.
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 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Global Position Systems (GPS) are an important data collection tool for the humanitarian worker.  Knowing the exact location of a refugee or IDP camps as well as villages and humanitarian aid offices can allow for clear planning and speed the pace of aid delivery.  GPS are small, relatively cheap and easy to use.  (Make sure the GPS has a cable so that data can be downloaded to a computer!).  Below are data collection forms, manuals, software and reference material to assist in collecting and importing of information collected with the GPS.
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 Alternative Mapping Technique - Example

 Links
  Tips & Tricks for Google Earth - by Haiti Shelter Cluster - French
  Tips & Tricks for Google Earth - by Haiti Shelter Cluster - English